Giving Permission Implies Giving Choice

This article presents the formalisation of the weak and strong permission in deontic logic based on the logic of enactment. A permission that follows from the absence of a prohibition, we call a weak permission; this permission is not enacted. A strong permission is always enacted (implicitly or explicitly), and implies a giving choice. The distinction between these two types of permission is a consequent of the universality of a normative system by the closure rule: `whatever is not forbidden, is permitted'. Further we present a modii-cation of the logic of enactment with local reasoning. The basic idea behind this treatment is that authorities may enact connicting normative rules, depending on the frame of reference. The main strength of the presented theory is that we are now able to reason consistently in the presence of inconsistent enacted norms.